Christopher Columbus good or evil Essay

Christopher Columbus was one of the greatest sailors and explores of all time. In 1492 he discovered a â€Å"new world† and linked Europe to the Americas. His discoveries enlarged the world and began a new age of exploration, therefore changing the history of the world. His Columbian Exchange was the foundation of the future world economy. [1] â€Å"Christopher Columbus can be considered a hero for his work on Christianity,† says John Kimble. Columbus has spread Christianity throughout the world and advanced trade with many new discoveries, thus, finding the â€Å"new world† he then discovered the first European colonies, and through those colonies he then spread the religion of Christianity. Columbus then brought spices and riches to all of Europe. [2] â€Å"After his return to Europe, many people were lead to believe they could explore and sail.† [3] â€Å"Only Columbus set off directly across a board, unknown sea with no specific knowledge of how far it extended or what lay on the other side.† Columbus encouraged everyone to take a risk and make their own discoveries. Yes, Christopher Columbus was flawed but all men are. Columbus put Christianity out on a rage on all different part of the world and had those places endured in trading. With all of his achievements, he then bettered the world to be melting pot that it is to this day. Assertion 2: Christopher Columbus was greedy, shellfish, racist and a bigot. He was responsible for the loss of life of thousands, destroyed culture and exploited those he came in contact with. Columbus did not even find what he set out for, the East Indies, and for that alone, should not be glorified in history. Christopher Columbus was yes a discoverer of something new, but it was only new to him. Before Columbus was there, there were native people on the land that they first discovered before Columbus stated he â€Å"founded† it. He was a  robber of land, and some people think he also robbed the lives of many. [1] Christopher Columbus was found to be a cruel man who enjoys seeing the natives and suffer. [2] â€Å"They should be good servants†¦. I, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at time of my departure, six natives for your Highness,† was the first thing written in Columbus’ journal according to Bourne, p.111-112; page 18 of Hanke, L. (1949). The Spanish struggle for justice in the conquest of America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Christopher Columbus may not have killed that native people but hand he was in charge of murder’s and allowed all the killings to go on, so in those words that is just as bad, he also enslaved native people himself. All he was power and he had huge desire to rule over the land that was not his. Margolis goes on to say the Columbus did not prevent his crewmen from raping the innocent natives, and even that he himself raped and native woman, after beating her with a piece of rope. Columbus was nowhere near a hero; he founded land that had ownership already and then took the land away viciously. Work Cited [1][2] Kimble, John. â€Å"Hero or Villain.† Yahoo Voices. Ed. Mark G. Yahoo, 1 July 2007. Web. 25 Mar. 2013 [3] Caroll, Warren H. â€Å"Honoring Christopher Columbus.† Faith and Reason (Summer 1992) [1] plaza. â€Å"Why was Christopher Columbus a villan?.† KnowsWhy. January 10, 2011 [2] â€Å"The Untold Story. Understanding Prejudice. N.p., 2002. Web. 26 Mar.2013. [3] â€Å"Chirstopher Columbus: The Villain.† 123HelpMe.com 26 Mar 2013

Mark Twain Essay

The possession and safeguarding of empire on distant lands by a nation is called Imperialism. The term was familiar to the Americans only during mid nineteenth century. Mark Twain expressed his attitudes against imperialism in many of his works and also declared it in harsh words. â€Å"I am an anti imperialist†, I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land†. Later he became the vice-president of Anti-Imperialist League. The protagonist Hang Morgan in ‘A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, was brought back to sixth century England which was a time of extensive political, economic and social problems. The superstitions and fear of supernatural forces oppressed the lives of ordinary people. There he became ‘The Boss’ through his little scientific knowledge. The Camelot is not a place of strange social setting to the protagonist, but he failed to see what was happening beyond his suggestions. Edmund Reiss (in his afterward to A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court) quotes Twain as having said â€Å"This Yankee of mine has neither the refinement nor weakness of a college education. He is a perfect ignoramus†. The problem of imperialism is well extracted through the single character, Hank Morgan. Hank succeeded in bringing advancement to the people and society through technology and science. Clarence is a typical six century youth, who later en suite himself to nineteenth century. The process was against what happened in Hank, who now wishes to be in the past, with Sandy. Through the depiction of the two characters itself, Twain tries to unravel the positive and negative aspects of imperialism. Through the massacre at the end of the story and Merlin’s victory, Twain reminds the readers about men’s need of having faith in supernatural powers. References Twain Mark. ( 1889) . A Pen Warmed Up in Hell, Harper and Brothers, USA Twain Mark. (1889),A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. Harper & Brothers, USA .

Public utility management in australia Term Paper

Public utility management in australia - Term Paper Example According to the Australian Government's Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia 'monitors and accounts for its greenhouse gas emissions from land based sectors in its national inventory through the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) which accounts for the methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and crop production, while theNational Carbon Accounting System(NCAS) is currently designed toward accountability of carbon emissions from agriculture, deforestation and forestry.ii Now hosting the Sixth Annual Climate Change and Business Conference 2010, Australia has consecutively shown its commitment to a global market respondent to privatization of the energy market, and competent governance of those shifts through apt structural adjustment of the nation's energy policy.iii Much of what goes into legislative policy intended for the 'public good.' Investment in environmental mitigation in the business community is typically responsive to regulatory compliance or venture capital promise. The globalization of natural resources and attendant policies has resulted in a dictatorship of the energy sector as the foremost priority within international governance. This is not to say that real political transformations amongst states have not also contributed to this new regime of power. For instance, since the collapse of the former Soviet Bloc countries, Eastern European energy resource management has been one of the core economic interests of international energy holdings vested in the transition from state to privatized incorporation. The structural adjustment policies of the 1990s, which led to privatization policies in second world economies are still affecting the administrative capacity behind energy resource distribution to populations dependent upon tho se forces of negotiation between international energy management stakeholders, and sometime corrupted or underdeveloped legal and regulatory capacity in those states.iv In Australia, the widely acceptable practice of retraction of central authority toward intense regulation of the industry by way of law, rather than volunteerism, was extended to states which now determine the regulatory relationship between energy and consumer market. Comparatively, Australia has done much in terms of promoting advancements in energy innovation as well, with an eye on technology and proximity to the Asian market, Australia is well poised to participate fully and competitively in the new global energy market. The global picture outside the region also reveals distinctions. It is through an examination of the dense regulatory structure of the United States that we can see what Australia is, and what it is not, in terms of party to international policy. Without such as radical window of comparison, in a parallel common law setting, we might not see the business, legal and political culture(s) at work in two distinct economies of scale. In the United States, where the e nergy industry has been the intense focus of scrutiny in response to high level hazard incidents, such as the Three Mile Island case. Amid reconfiguration of nuclear power as part of a matrix of alternative, 'clean air' energy options, there is a significant push toward advancement of regulatory competence. The essay focuses on the impact of the climate change

Australian Club and Gaming Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian Club and Gaming Management - Essay Example Throughout the country, governments not only operate lotteries, but they also maintain and sponsor many other forms of gambling. The lottery industry alone accounted for total spending at the consumer level of approximately $80 billion in 1993 (CALDWELL, G. T. 1994). Basically, Gambling as a form of recreation in Australia has become a national and very divisive issue. As state governments rely more on gambling for revenue-up to 15 percent of the state revenue in Victoria-unease in the community has grown over compulsive gambling and its social effects. In South Australia, the No Pokies Party elected Nick Xenophon to the upper house on an anti- gambling ticket in the last state election; in Victoria, the Baptist minister and social activist Tim Costello (the polar opposite brother of the Federal Coalition Government Treasurer and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, Peter) has conducted a long campaign against Premier Kennett's gambling fixations (Kennett lost government in 1999). Costello sees gambling as the very antithesis of the "spirit of Victoria," as it is touted, and believes the avalanche of gambling with the Internet, TABs (totalisator agency board betting shops) and pokies is tearing at the social fabric of the nation. As the Canadian social critic and theorist John Ralston Saul frequently points out, gambling is the last refuge of governments that have lost social consensus and the capacity to raise revenue for the common good. It is the sign of a nation in decay. (Interview of Costello April 23, 2000; John Ralston Saul, 1997) Main Body Since the early 1990s, there has been a marked increase in state sponsorship of all types of gambling. Some of these gambling activities include casino gambling, video poker, offtrack betting, keno, video lottery, and riverboat gambling. The rationale behind the introduction of all these new types of gambling ventures is the same as the one that was used to legitimize the lottery: The ever-increasing need for more state revenue more than supersedes any reservations about the appropriateness of sponsoring additional forms of gambling. Obviously, the gamble here is that the public not only will tolerate but will participate in these additional forms of gambling. The Australian nation spends $100 billion per year on gambling; it sucks off enormous sums from all areas of the economy and reduces funding which could be employed in the capital-starved public sector. In 1999, according to the December report of the Productivity Commission to the Howard government, gamblers lose more than $12 billion-or $886 per adult-a year and even the Coalition parties now want to call a halt to the spread of gambling further in Australian society. In 1998, 80 percent of Australians engaged in some form of gambling. In casinos on the Yarra (Melbourne), the Torrens (Adelaide), and the Derwent (Hobart), as well as in thousands of clubs and pubs and in the ubiquitous TABs, Australians are fixated on recreational gambling as part of their national birthright. These venues are touted as fun for all; in Victoria, where the state reaps a massive $600 million per

Germany and the germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany and the germans class - Essay Example This is because it provides housing for the people who were believed and listed to have perished during the holocaust (Quigley, 3). 3. The most appropriate title for the memorial would be â€Å"In commemoration of all the Jews who perished in Europe† since it is more inclusive. It is because the current title does not entirely represent the whole diversity of the way Jews perished during the holocaust. Besides the executions, other Jews also perished as a result of diseases and accidents. 4. In Washington, there is a holocaust museum but there lacks a memorial for the victims of the slavery and genocide because the government is not willing to put it up. The main reason is because the black Americans who were majorly involved are considered to be inferior as a result of racial segregation. 5. Emily Reed underwent torture for more than twelve years but she survived at the Dachau concentration camp. She is the symbol of the relief that most Jews experienced after they were released from the concentration camps (Young

Violent crime and Insurgency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Violent crime and Insurgency - Essay Example In contrast to that, a common criminal is one who looks for opportunistic target, lacks discipline and is selfish and can be discouraged comparatively easily. Generally, terrorists are well trained as compared to ordinary criminals. Due to the fact that terrorists are well trained, skilled and possess a specific goal in mind, the propensity of destruction and level of violence can be much higher than that which is created by criminals. Terrorists are so much determined to their cause that they don’t get afraid of putting even their own life in danger (Goldstein, 2007). Another important differentiation between criminals and terrorists is that when they are caught doing some illegal act, criminals usually escape from the criminal zone and take shelters in order to hide from police whereas terrorist usually call upon huge media propaganda and take credits of their acts. Another criteria which provides differentiation between terrorism and criminals violence is the frequency and span of attacks. Criminals usually operate within the span of their hide outs whereas terrorists operate within the boundary of an entire country. Many terrorists also operate internationally in geographic regions (White, 2006). Insurgency is often called as political effort or movement established for a specific aim. This sets it apart from terrorism where individuals establish goals and do every possible effort to achieve them. Another major difference between insurgency and terrorism is the intent of activities and operations. The ultimate objective of insurgency is to challenge the prevailing government through political concessions in order to share political power. Insurgency requires various kinds of supports including from external support, approval and recognition from other political parties etc. whereas a group of terrorist doesn’t require support from any side

Compensation Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compensation Practice - Essay Example This entails use of rewards in place of punishment to get the expected results and this was also influenced much by the motivational theorists such as Abraham Maslow (Armstrong & Baron, 2005). The needs of workers must be taken care of for them to be productive. This in turn led to development of performance management systems to evaluate employees and reward them accordingly; compensation is no longer job based but is based on performance. Successful companies thus strive to develop effective compensation strategies to ensure workers are rewarded accordingly and that the business strategies are achieved. According to Heneman (2002 p. 198) the cornerstone of a compensation strategy is the compensation philosophy of the company. This is the strongly held belief about goals of all components of compensation system relative to business strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the compensation practice of a publicly traded company. To achieve this, the company to be discussed is an international company dealing with foods and beverages; PepsiCo, Inc. Its short history will be outlined after which its compensation strategy will be evaluated bearing in mind best practices and challenges faced. Its impact will then be discussed followed by the factors impacting on the practices such as unions, laws and regulations and finally, a brief summary. Company Background PepsiCo, Inc is a leading global food and beverage company with respected brands throughout the world. It was formed in 1965 after the merger of Pepsi-cola Company and Frito-lay, Inc. It acquired Tropicana in 1998 and Quaker Oats in 2001 and an addition of Gatorade thereafter (PepsiCo, 2013). Its mission is to be the world’s premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages with a vision to improving all aspects of the world in financial success which is to be achieved through driving shareholder value. It operates in a very competitive environment but its main competitor is coca-cola company. It boasts of net revenue of over $65 billion as recorded in the financial year 2012. It is managed by a board of directors with Indra Nooyi as the board chairman and chief executive officer since 2006 and has a workforce of 297, 000 scattered in many parts of the world. Its headquarters are in Purchase, New York in the United States. It is committed to delivering sustainable growth through empowering people and as such its compensation philosophy is for employees to act and be rewarded as business owners’ thus recruiting, retaining and motivating workforce. Compensation Strategy Compensation is a vital part of performance management in organizations. This involves rewarding employees for their achievements and also correcting underperformance. A company has a great task of deciding on how to reward employees as this strategy may make or break the company. According to Aquinis (2011) the compensation strategy should be aligned to business strategy to ens ure the organizational goals are achieved and to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. If the business strategy is cost-cutting then the company cannot go on to develop costly compensation strategies such as those involved with monetary rewards. Before everything else when

Identify a corporate situation that could disturb you as a manager Essay - 1

Identify a corporate situation that could disturb you as a manager. Evaluate the situation and use marketing research methodolo - Essay Example , What attitudes do these buyers hold towards MAC products?, How does in-store experience affect these women’s experiences of the make-up purchase process at MAC stores?, What strategies do these women use to cope with a gap in the cosmetics markets, if any?. The paper involved 105 participants from 15 different MAC stores who were all black and representative of different complexions. They responded to structured questionnaires containing 15 questions, which were documented by the investigator. The research hypothesis was proved. MAC does not cater to black women’s divergent needs. Key recommendations include expanding the product range to meet their needs, training in-store makeup artists and assistants as well as creating marketing plans that target this demographic group. Outline Executive summary 2 Outline 2 Introduction and problem definition 4 Research methods and limitations 7 Conclusion and Recommendations 13 References 15 MAC Cosmetics and Black Female Consume rs Introduction and problem definition The company under consideration is MAC cosmetics; it is an offshoot of Estee Lauder (EL), which is a conglomerate of over 23 brands. MAC has about 1,000 stores worldwide and dozens in the UK. The brand contributed to a 13% profit margin at EL in 2012. MAC’s input was equivalent to $274.8 million worth of profit (Castleberry, 2001). It has marketed its products as high-profile, through the use of celebrity endorsements and artists. Most times, the company gets makeup artists to work with famous actors or singers, and thus uses this platform to market their products. Consumers are willing to pay a premium for the personalised service offered by makeup artists in their stores. Regardless of these successes, the company is need of new marketing strategies. It needs to expand its customer base so as to avoid slow growth (Wilson, 2011). The corporation may be making money but its profitability has not been increasing significantly over the pas t few years. It needs to redefine the way it sells its products. Any marketing process often starts with identification of the target group. Here is where the problem lies for MAC cosmetics. The organisation has relied on the same set of consumers for as long as it was established. Most of them are young and Caucasian. There may be a need to redefine their demographic groups in order to expand their market base. The group that needs to be embraced is black women. In the United Kingdom’s metropolitan areas, black women account for slightly more than 15% of the population, and represent 7% of the entire UK population (Isokariari, 2013). They are quite enthusiastic about beauty products as seen through their purchase of hair extensions, weaves and other hair products. However, a problem exists in the cosmetics industry because regardless of these women’s enthusiasm for beauty products, makeup companies do not respond in kind. MAC Cosmetics may pride itself in the diverse range of its products. Its eye shadows come in a variety of colour pallets. Additionally, it has been marketed as a product for women of colour owing to its wide range of colour selections. However, these options are still not adequate enough to cater to black women’s makeup needs. Black women have some of the most divergent skin tones in the world, yet the colour choices that dark concealers and foundations have are quite limiting

5step Approach to Biomedical Science Research Essay

5step Approach to Biomedical Science Research - Essay Example But these molecular determinants were undefined. In an another report thapsigiargin , a sesquiterpene lactone inhibits both mammalian and malarial SERCAs. These findings led to hypothesis that artermisins interact with a region of PfATP6 that binds thapsigargin-binding cleft of malarial and mammalian SERCAs, and are the determinant of the arteminisinin.Based on the previous data and literature, the authors identified PfATP6 as a target site. Using bioinformatics the researchers compared the amino acid sequences of mammalian and malarial SERCAs, and found that the leu263 residue is unique along with few more amino acid. After identification, different mutant were constructed to determine the affinity of arteminsins towards these mutated forms to establish its role of each amino acid towards arteminsins sensitivity.To determine the role of leu263 and other amino acids in PfATP6 doain. Different mutant of PfATP6 were express in Xenopus oocyte and functionality test were performed. It wa s shown that in case of altered Leu263 sensitivity decreased to almost three fold. Whereas alteration of other amino acids along with leu263 lead to 10 fold decrease in sensitivity. Similarly, introduction of Leu263 in non-sensitive sps. like Plasmodium vivax and P. berghei ether increased or decreased sensitivity.

Evaluate a chosen psychological theory and its associated method of Essay

Evaluate a chosen psychological theory and its associated method of intervention with regaurd to a chosen mental disorder.Further consider the factors that affe - Essay Example The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes on the internal conflicts, motives and unconscious forces regulate an individual's overt behaviour and attitude, hence addressing and resolving these underlying factors may attribute in the understanding of maladaptive behaviour. In psychodynamic approach, the associated symptoms are considered as an expression of a defence mechanism with a struggling inner-self attributes to the disordered pattern of eating or weight control behaviour as a connotation to commune or articulate underlying problems. In a conventional psychodynamic treatment approach, these symptoms are taken into consideration for expressing underlying issues, working through them and then resolving them. The psychodynamic treatment session primarily consists of looms using understanding and administration of the transference relationship mutually corresponding between the therapist and the client. The effectiveness of sole use of psychodynamic approach has not been proved well up to the mark, primarily because of twofold reasons. Firstly, in many cases clients suffering from acute starvation, depression or compulsivity that compel them having distorted mental states and hence aggravating the crisis by means of initiating associated complications like suicidal ideation or attempt, compulsive binging or purging, or need for critical medical attention. This eventually deteriorates the outcome of psychodynamic treatment approach, if applied prior resolving these problems. Secondly, client may engage in psychodynamic therapeutic approach for long years while employing themselves in the destructive symptomatic behaviour as well. This paper focuses on the analysis of Freudian psychodynamics theoretical perspectives in relation to the eating disorder including the adaptive function and the purpose that the eating disorder serves at unconscious level. Freudian Psychodynamic Approach Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) had been greatly influenced by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), a German physicist and physician. Freud had been inspired from him to propose his psychodynamic theory in relation to the principles incorporating the law of thermodynamics. He theorised that psychic-energy attributed to the development of human personality is a form of energy that can neither be destroyed nor be created, it can only be converted from one form to another, obeying the 'law of energy'. Hence the science of psychology is to focus on the adaptation, conduction and exchange of psychic energy within the realm of personality traits attributing to the overt shape and determining it (Internet Encyclopaedia). In his topographical structure of mind (1923) as illustrated in Figure 1, Freud explained the division of mind as the dynamism of unconscious, preconscious and conscious levels of mind by virtue of interplay among Id, Ego and Superego. Freud considered that most of our underlying feelings incorporating emotions, beliefs, attitudes and impulses are buried down into unconscious level. The conscious level of the mind, the smallest region, is what an individual is aware of. Freud described that as we possess the perception of awareness of our environment and the objects around us, it signifies the mechanism of conscious mind. Another level is preconscious which is promptly accessible whenever

Womenwomen Empowerment Through Self Help Group Essay Example for Free

Womenwomen Empowerment Through Self Help Group Essay The present study is an attempt to analyse the role and performance of SHGs in promoting womens empowerment in Thiruvallur District , Tamil nadu. The broad objective ofthe study is to analyses the operating system of SHGs for mobilization of saving,delivery of credit to the needy, management of group funds, repayment of loans, in building up leadership,establishing linkage with banks and examine the social benefits derived by the members. In order to collect and gather primary data, field observation and structure questionnaire survey methods were employed. In addition, information was also collected through discussions and interviews with local NGOs and governments grass roots level workers. The Mahalir Thittam was implemented in Phase I during the Year 1997-98 in Thiruvallur district. In Thiruvallur District there are 539 Village Panchayat (Grama Panchayat). SHGs are formed in all Village Panchayat and the number of Self Help Groups will be from 3 to 11. In order to reduce the dependency of SHGs on its project partners, it has been decided to form Panchayat Level Federation in every Village Panchayats. The Panchayat Level Federation will consist of the members of the representatives from various SHGs in that particulars Village Panchayats. At present, there are 296 PLFs in Thiruvallur District compressing of 2106 Self Help Groups. The study reveals that SHGs had set a new agenda for financial intermediation by banks in the form of micro-credit. By the formation of SHGs, credits are demanded for various purposes (domestic, health, festivals, repayment of old debts, investment, etc. ). Similarly different economic activities Manufacturing of Paper Cup ,Jute Bag ,Catering Technology,Leather and Rexene ,Tailoring,Herbal Products ,Beauty Parlour,Soap Manufacturing,Agarbathi ,Diary products, Screen Printing are undertaken by the SHG members after joining the group. Habits of savings, economic independence, self confidence, social cohesion, asset ownership, freedom from debt, additional employment, etc. benefits are derived by the SHG members. Thus, SHGs have served the cause of women empowerment, social solidarity and socio-economic betterment of the poor for their consolidation.

Role of a Software Developer

Role of a Software Developer Some people spend years of time knuckled down to study at the university campus, and hope to be able to find an ideal satisfactory work after graduation. However, when truly enter into society after they found difficult to get a good job, a large gap between the ideal and the reality. If you are seeking employment could not find a good job on the road, good attitude then adjust, modify their expectations, expand their circle of communication, so that you can get more information. We must first understand our strengths; know what is doing better, so we need from the grassroots level, step-by-step learning, progress, let our work be your career! The Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as a sharp conflict of interests or perspectives of different views or objections. Whenever people work together, conflict is a part of doing business. The conflict is a normal and natural part of any workplace. When it occurs, there is a tendency to reduce the impact on morale and the increase of the rate of absenteeism and reduced productivity. It is estimated that managers spend at least 25% of the time to resolve work conflicts leading to lower office performance. 1. Jobs of the dreams Everyone is worth having a fun, and be able to bring a sense of accomplishment and rewards work; a use of the talent and ability to work a let us look forward to the work, a challenge themselves to reach higher achievement job. If you work now without enthusiasm, it is likely you do not know that they really want, or you have not found the inner courage and motivation to pursue your dreams. Personal Qualities Personal qualities are personal characteristics of an individual. They are what make up ones personality. They help a person get along in a new situation. For example, dependability and patience are qualities that employers would like a good worker to have. Other qualities employers value are: honesty, assertiveness, flexibility, problem solving, friendliness, intelligence, leadership, enthusiasm, and a good sense of humor. Software Engineering My dream job is Software Engineering, Software engineering (SE) is concerned with developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain, and satisfy all the requirements that customers have defined for them. It is important because of the impact of large, expensive software systems and the role of software in safety-critical applications. It integrates significant mathematics, computer science and practices whose origins are in engineering. Focus on usability and maintainability of the code: the software is always better, is a well-designed, user-centered work. Excellent engineers work hard to make the system simple and practical. They believe that the customers all the time do not try to create something puzzling, can only be understood and appreciated by lovers. A discipline engineers that from the first line of code maintainability and evolution. Expression method and variable names allows the code is not self-evid ent. 1.1.1 Qualities Every Software Engineer Should Have Foundation of knowledge: Basic knowledge refers to knowledge of programming language syntax, relies entirely on the theory of memory and understanding of the book. Discipline: Although you may work on your passion, this love does not mean your work and for the next project, you can be sloppy. The attention to detail is important, but the ability to stay organized. So much bad code belongs to the developers, who do not do what they know should be done. Logical thinking ability: Half from the books, half from programming practice. Work experience: Is the accumulation of work experience Certifications: The IEEE (The worlds largest professional association of the advancement of technology), offers two of certifications which is Certified Software Development Professional and which is Certified Software Development Associate, and this type of certified must get from NCEES Professional Engineer Exam start from 2013. Math skills: Take advanced math courses, such as calculus, as well as any computer courses your high school may offer. Curiosity: The best software engineers are curious why these things are done one way or another, but the ability of the objective solution. Many engineers, we know that got him into trouble, things for the children to consider, in addition to see how they work. Put together software is a creative, artistic hobby many software engineers. Need to think outside the box design, this creativity and curiosity. What made you go to your pleasure make some of the work. Attention to detail: If youre angry misspelled database columns, annotated code items are not checked in to the source code control software unit testing, unrealized functions, and so on, then you might try to avoid these problems, you. Faulty installation package, deployment of sloppy or misspelled column name, can reduce overall system. Obsessed with the details, you will become a software star in his own way. Development of high quality: In previous times, the engineers that the test is beneath them. Today, experienced engineers know and understand the value of the test, because their goal is to create a working system. Is the best way to expose the error code and the elimination of the stellar. But a good engineer knows not waste time writing trivial or redundant tests, rather than to focus on the important part of the test each component. 1.1.2) People can help us to acquire the information Customers Services: We can get the information from the Software Engineering Company. Online Searching: We can surf the web and find what we want to search for College Lecture: As we study in college, we can ask the information from the college lecture to get the information. List of questions of asking the people How to become a Software Engineer? What is the personal qualities that to be a Software Engineer? How can I get the course for this subject? How long I can be a Software Engineer? Where can I get this job? How do you think of this job? (Software Engineer) What is my play role on company How long I can be a Software Engineer? 2.0) Conflict The `source of an interpersonal conflict is the underlying reason for the emergence of conflict. Understanding and conceptually organizing the sources of conflict can greatly help improve the chances of resolving the conflict. Understanding human behavior can help reveal the motivations of individuals involved in the conflict. While interest analysis illuminates the motivations of individual conflict participants, the process of identifying the sources of conflict illuminates the features of the relationship among conflict participants that foster conflict. 2.1) Identify the primary source of the conflict. Poor Communicate When the party believes it is missing some important information, according to the management of the library website, conflicts may arise. When employees change, they have not been told, or whether some of the decisions taken, the staff feel should be involved, which can make the conflicts between employees and managers. Different communication styles can lead to misunderstandings between employees or between employee and manager. 2.2) Do you think the other party would agree about the primary source of the conflict? Why or why not? Agree, The lack of a large scale, such as between management and staff, as well as smaller individual employees can communicate in the workplace. If you communicate effectively often leads to conflict, which may damage the organization. Poor communication may be created in a variety of ways in conflict. Rumors and gossip Miscommunication led to the spread of rumors and gossip, this will lead to tensions between the employees. If management failed to resolve the speculation that the company might lay off, for example, rumors may spread to certain employees or departments will be eliminated. Morale may deteriorate speculation continues, employees fear that they will lose their jobs may be disgusted with what they think is a more solid foundation. 2.3) Identify any secondary sources of the conflict Personal relationships Good working environment can be a stressful place, which can worsen, began to develop the personal differences between employees. Workplace conflicts, the main reason of interpersonal relationships, especially counterproductive, because whether it is at home or in the office, which may cause problems. The professional employment mediator website Mediate.com some employees bring pressure from their family life, work, and this may lead to a conflict between the workers and management personnel. Some personal conflicts of the University of Colorado in the United States, when an employee is unable to accept individual differences, which may involve things such as race, color, gender, religion or ethnic background. All work environments are made up of differing personalities. Unless colleagues understand and accept each others approach to work and problem-solving, conflict will occur. No two people are exactly the same. Therefore, the personality conflicts in the workplace are inevitable. An employee may have a reserved personality, while another may be more outgoing and forward-looking. Problems, the two do not understand or do not respect each persons inner essence. For example, employees may feel more outgoing personality is more introverted workers contempt, if not more with him. He might think it is a very small, not only is the personality of the staff. In addition, his practice handling the project may be analytical, and she is intuitive. When the two do not understand and respect each others way, and conflict. 2.4) How did each dimension affect the way the participants approached the conflict? Poor teamwork Companies tend to rely on the team to complete special projects, and even conventional functions into one department. If the team members do not communicate with each other, it may not be very clear what the roles and responsibilities of each member must bear. Some tasks may overlap, while others may be completely ignored, leading to confusion and conflict between team members, and ultimately failed to achieve the target Organization There are many organizations, the source of the conflict. In most workplace hierarchy and the inability to resolve the conflict of interest is quite major. Power difference of heightened tensions in the labor / management supervisor / employees. Style differences between the regulatory authorities may lead to conflict. May work style clashed qualification / young and pay equity conflict. Conflict may arise distribution of the allocation of resources, responsibilities, workload and interests, different levels of risk tolerance, and different views of the accountability system. In addition, the differences in treatment between the potential or actual departments or groups of employees, conflict may arise. Suggested that such a source of conflict for a thorough review of the workplace. Similarly, surveys, interviews and focus groups can help to reveal the root causes of these conflicts. In addition, the root causes of organizational conflict can be predicted based on the best practices of similar organizations. All organizations have encountered this conflict. Can learn a lot of lessons, and similar organizations to study the root causes of this conflict. Different values Workplace by individuals who have their own point of view to see the world. Some employees have a strong belief; they are not willing to compromise. These beliefs can conflict with colleagues, resulting in conflict. For example, if a person is strongly opposed to diversity in the workplace, may be difficult to accept his other workers. In order to avoid conflict with these workers, he must try to accept or initiate more tolerant of those different values. Poor performance When one or more individuals in the work of the unit does not perform potential this is not a solution does not work, conflict is inevitable. External conflict Sources outside the organization can be a reason for conflict between the employees. Company to successfully carryout business, staff must always be with external entities. Must be engaged in third-party vendors to buy goods or services. In addition, the interaction between the client and the client to generate revenue. This transaction is unusual communication failure. If a cool head does not prevail when these things happen, misunderstandings can be upgraded into a major conflict. A business owner must identify and correct these challenges, the financial implications of the deterioration in relations with suppliers and customers can be great. Interpersonal conflict Most people spend more time at work than any other place. Therefore, she no doubt with her à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹colleagues. However, this close relationship may lead to conflict. Language or personality disorders, caused by poor communication between the between groups of employees may lead to malicious. In addition, the office politics, gossip and durable other forms of non-work-related interaction may lead to a serious quarrel. Harassment or discrimination allegations have serious legal consequences, in addition, public enterprise financial risk. Therefore, it is important that a business owner is aware of the conflict between the people as soon as possible, so it can be in a friendly way to solve. 3.0)Conclusion The above definition of a good software developer will not apply a few years ago. If we are not agile, probably any good encoder can be considered to be a good development. But we. Today the IT world needs good agile software developers to analyze problems and look at them from a broader perspective, commercialization, and a desire to work in a team. If not their IT projects agile development methods can cannot handle. In addition, the social conflict, actively seeking alternative response to reward, rather than negotiating their needs, rather than competition and cooperation are often the satisfaction of people who are willing to accommodate the trend. Managers and leaders often return to their aggression, control method, rather than taking a more compassionate to the public or their staff may seem less decisive. In other cases, who raised questions and concerns, even respectful soon be considered a problem customers or staff, they tend to avoid and reduce. In these methods, to resolve the conflict through negotiations held analog and highest respect. Finally, we should remember that the negotiating parties require profound courage: It takes courage to honestly and clearly explain your needs; it takes courage to sit down and listen to your opponent. It takes courage to look at their own role in the dispute with the thinking of other transposition awareness, openness, and respect their point of view, it takes courage. Collaborative approach, conflict management, the requirements of the moment we are engaged in dialogue, a deep and meaningful way, so it can be understood, if we tend to avoid such cases until negotiations conducive to balanced wisdom prompted.

UK Grocery Retailing Industry Macro Influences And Tesco Marketing Essay

UK Grocery Retailing Industry Macro Influences And Tesco Marketing Essay The global retail industry has metamorphosed more in the last seven decades than it has in the last seven centuries. History tells us that the retail business depends on the economic and disposable income levels of the populace that moves from the centres of economic deprivation to the industrialised and prosperous environments. The evolution of the retail industry in the United Kingdom bears testimony to this phenomenon. The last few decades have seen heterogeneous expansion in food retailing in the UK, including the materialisation of innovative shop formats, superior logistics, capital outlays in new technology, sophistication of supply chain processes, and the continuous growth of supermarket chains (Nicholson-Lord, 2004). This report takes up the food retail sector, with particular reference to the strategies followed by Tesco, for examination and analysis. Supermarkets reflect, in the United Kingdom as elsewhere, the reality of contemporary economic life and have an enormous and urbane influence over the grocery supply chain (Defra, 2006). The supermarket industry is lucritive and could be said to be profiteering at consumers expense, however recent investigations into the industry by the competition commision show that this is not the case the industry is currently broadly competitive and that, overall, excessive prices are not being charged, nor excessive profits earned. (Defra, 2006). The sector has changed and adapted over time from solely selling groceries to offering a wide range of products under one roof. With technologcal improvement and the internet being used by the many, operations have also moved online allowing customers to shop for anything from bread and milk to car insurance and telephones from their computer. This structured report deals with: the key macro factors in the evolution of UK supermarkets; the current attractiveness of the supermarket sector, and; Tescos growth strategy. 2. Key Macro Factors in the Evolution of UK Supermarkets The retail business in British cities, till the 1960s, had a hierarchical arrangement and focused on the central commercial districts. It was balanced by a comparatively minor number of town or district centres, offering a strapping convenience-goods merchandising function, and a secondary array of comparison wares for particular city centres (Bromley Thomas, 1993). The next stage of transformation from the mid-1960s onwards: increasing prosperity and disposable incomes; rising levels of vehicle ownership; urbanisation; increased levels of female participation in employment, has driven new patterns of consumer behaviour and increased demand for specialised and sophisticated ranges of goods and services (Bowlby, 2001). This transformation has been instrumental in changing the character of the urban retail landscape (Bromley Thomas, 1993). Political and Legal The supermarket sector is under constant political watch since restriction of competition and accusations of being an oligopolistic market arose. Investigations carried out by the Competition Commission resulted in the adoption of a Code of Practice, which has now been in operation for some years. The sector is also under governmental pressure to increase its employment levels, particularly because employment in the supermarket sector has not kept pace with growth (Emerging, 2010). Economic Supermarket operations are under pressure because of the ongoing economic downturn. High unemployment levels, along with stagnation in consumer incomes, has affected consumer spending. Supermarkets are responding with better offers through renegotiation of supplier prices and improvement of operational efficiencies (Tesco, 2009). Social Social and demographic changes play a major role in supermarket operations. For example, the ageing population, along with an increasing number of female workers, single parents and divorcees, is reducing the frequency of meals prepared at home. Increasing consumer focus on health is leading to greater stocking of organic foods and Fairtrade marked products (De Chatel Hunt, 2003). Technological Most supermarkets now have an online presence to market their products and have set up efficient, well designed e-commerce websites. Supermarkets use modern technology in a number of other areas e.g. electronic shelf labelling, customer data management and supply chain management (Tesco, 2009). Environmental Although supermarkets are very popular, they are scrutinised for increased fossil fuel consumption due to goods transportation and changing shopping patterns, requiring customers to drive to supermarkets. Also the introduction of reduced usage of plastic bags in supermarkets, Marks Spencer was a leader in reducing the plastic bags used by its consumers; a five pence levy was placed on each carrier bag in a bid to curb usage. Other supermarkets although not charging customers to use the bags withdrew from the shop floor and customers had to ask if they needed the bags. Tesco introduced a clubcard scheme offering customers clubcard points to customers who do not use plastic bags. 3. Current Market Position of UK Supermarkets It needs to be noted that the retail business has evolved from an industrial to a post-industrial stage. More than 2.1 million people, approximately comprising about 10 per cent of the labour force, were working in retail distribution by 1992 (Employment Gazette  November 1992), and the biggest retailers are now among the major companies (Lowe Crewe 1991). Competitive Rivalry The supermarket sector witnesses intense rivalry between market participants. Supermarkets have grown at the expense of specialist food shops (e.g. grocers, green grocers, dairies, butchers and fishmongers) by offering wider product ranges and lower prices under one roof(keynote 2007). The constant monitoring of market share, price wars, innovative shopping formats, promotions and loyalty schemes not only demonstrate the rivalry present but also the struggle each supermarket faces for customer footfalls. With the four main supermarkets having such a large market share, the UK supermarket industry could be said to be operating as an oligopoly. However as shown by the competition commission and the Office of Fair Trading, there is no anti-competitive behaviour taking place. In realty prices would be lower for consumers in a perfectly competitive market rather than the oligopolistic market that is currently in the UK, however unless there is clear evidence of price-fixing or cartels it would be highly unlikely government will intervene and take action to stop the big four supermarkets growing further. Bargaining Power of Buyers The power of buyers can be interpreted in different ways. At first glance, they appear to be powerful because they have a wide range of products to choose from, and can switch from one supermarket to another. In antithesis, customers have lost the flexibility, home grown service, and range of produce that was available with traditional providers. Consumers may be loyal to their local supermarket, but by no policy or guidelines consumers are technically free to shop at any supermarket. The government through the OFT ensure that a fair price is being charged to consumers. The consumer could be said to have immense power as with the industry being so competitive and incentives always being used customers are benefiting. Also the wide use of the Internet now allows customers to check prices and compare products online before purchasing, whether they purchase in store or online. But they could be said to have very little power as they cannot negotiate, the prices are set by the supermarket and cannot be changed by the buyer. Bargaining Power of Suppliers? The power of supermarket suppliers Suppliers power is the most talked about force within the supermarket industry. UK supermarkets have immense purchasing power due to their dominant size and can demand products at the price and quality they require. The problem facing suppliers is because there are so many suppliers if one fails to meet the requirements of the supermarket then the supermarket can go to another supplier and get what they want. This gives them relatively little or no bargaining power with the supermarkets. The supplier code of practice has been put in place by the government to stop such bad practice by retailers however its viability is yet to be seen. Many smaller suppliers are still saying that they are being bullied by the large supermarkets price and other conditions. But as with any business transaction, the seller wants to achive the highest possible price and the buyer wants to keep costs as low as possible, the interests of bother parties will be different. Threat of New Entrants The threat from new entrants is comparatively weak because of the immense financial investments required to effectively enter the UK supermarket and superstore segment. It is difficult for entrants to invest the capital required for space, assets, and extremely sophisticated supply chains. Other barriers include existing market shares, scale economies, product differentiation and customer knowledge expertise built by existing players. However with supermarkets requiring planning permission for every new store there are areas in the country in which smaller independents which are wearket to get access and launch or continue their business. With the government offering many grants and tax relief for small businesses it could be said that the market is still a free market to operate in. But by being a free market and open economy it also allows large multinationals enter the uk supermarket industry through mergers and acquisitions as that of Wal-Mart purchasing Asda in 1999. By government not intervening it has allowed Asda to compete much more in the industry without the funding it would lag behind its rivals substantially. This has also been the case with the merger of Safeway and Morrisons. By not intervening the government has allowed the market to be less monopolistic as their would have only been two large players, Tesco and Sainsburys. Threat of Substitute Products/Services The threat from substitutes is weak because of evolved consumer buying habits and the enormous convenience provided by supermarkets. This was recently illustrated by the failure of Aldi and Lidl who tried to take advantage of the economic recession by introducing new and more economical shopping formats. The threat of substitutes could be said to be irelavent as there is no substitute as everybody needs food, however substitutes such as smaller specialist food retailers could be seen as a substitute. With government emphasis on healthy eating, the large supermarkets have started to label their foods nutritional value in much more depth. This oculd be seen as indirect intervention and government may have actually hindered smaller food retailers who had found a niche in the market, and also therefore reduced the threat of substitutes. But with some products the price inelasticity or luxury means that customers are willing to pay more for the product, for example organic produce from farmers markets. However with more and more emphasis on healthy eating being made on all forms of media by the government, the green grocers, butchers and other smaller units may be seeing an increase in sales due to the freshness of their produce. Customers from supermarkets may prefer to purchase food from these smaller retailers as they know the quality may exceed what they would normally purchase and will be healthier. Clearly customers are willing to pay more where they Summary Whilst the industry may appear to be attractive, because of the growth and profitability being achieved by market participants, it is characterised by enormous competition and very high entry barriers. Organisations trying to enter the market need to have high capital reserves, a consistent strategy, and the willingness to grow by acquisition, as well as through organic means. In conclusion the supermarket industry can be shaped and restrained by government intervention but by allowing the industry to continue as a free market, everyone is seen to benefit, whether it be consumers getting the best possible price, making suppliers livelihoods, or the economy as whole growing. 4. Tesco: Strategy and Growth Tesco has a deep-rooted and constant strategy for growth, which has allowed the strengthening of its core UK business and growth into fresh markets. The underlying principle of the strategy, laid down in 1997, was to enlarge the span of the business to allow the delivery of a sturdy and protracted long-term growth (Quick facts, 2009). This can be achieved by pursuing current Tesco customers and encouraging them into purchasing from its other domestic businesses, including financial services, non-food and telecommunications (Quick facts, 2009). They are currently ranked 4th in global retail sales and operate in 13 countries in 2008 (Delloite 2009). The objectives of this five pronged strategy are (a) to be a successful global retailer, (b) to grow the core UK business, (c) to be equally robust in food and non-food segments (d) to scale up retailing services like Tesco Personal Finance and (e) to place community at the centre of its strategy (Tesco plc, 2009). In being a successful global retailer, Tesco has long practiced the commonly used glocal practices which encompass the ground realities of the local environment with the global best business practices. Being close to the consumers enables quick reaction times, especially in the current downturn, to the local changes as they happen in its markets across the world (Tesco plc, 2009). Dunnhumby, the consumer research entity that enabled Tescos Clubcard loyalty scheme, has brought about a deep understanding of the consumers wants. This was developed through many years of research in customer insight skills and buying patterns. (Tesco Group, 2010). Market Penetration During the last recession, Value lines was launched in the country to provide the cheapest grocery products, inclusive of discounters. Keeping quality in mind, Tesco made the biggest change to their product range by launching 500 new items as part of their Discount Brands (Tesco plc, 2009). The unique efficiency saving plan called Step Change has already delivered  £540 million of productivity and other changes. These have been ploughed back primarily into efficiency projects that encompass the entire business from stores and depots to the office (Tesco plc, 2009). Examples of such improvements include reducing energy consumption in stores, eliminating 52,000 store deliveries by means of larger-fill transportation, leading to added savings of 12 million road miles. Also, the introduction of new self checkout technology for stores, as well as introducing pioneering technology to allow electronic check-in of bread and milk depot deliveries leading to a sizeable removal of paperwork and administration (Tesco plc, 2009). Tescos offer of five pence of a litre of fuel in their petrol stations, this a form of market penetration in an aim to get more customers through the doors in its supermarket operations, while giving them a discount on fuel. This strategy employed by Tesco could be seen as successful as the promotion is offered regularly on a short term basis, also competitor Sainsburys also do the promotion on a regular basis. Diversification The non-food market remains an essential component of Tescos long-term strategy, since it encompasses a market similar to that in size of food, and provides a vast opportunity. Empirical data strongly suggests that the consumer will buy, even in poor economic conditions, when they see value. By products being sourced globally, consolidating freight volumes and investing in buying hubs,Tesco are able to exploit economies of scale to ensure customers receive the best possible price.(Tesco plc, 2009). The global purchasing office based in Hong Kong is accountable for buying 100,000 non-food products for the entire Group and, wherever possible, the purchases are sourced directly through factories without involving agents. This sourcing team last year shipped 72,000 containers from 54 ports. The sourcing hubs based largely in Asia and Europe ensure that the goods are delivered from ethical sources, on time, and in the best price and quality (Tesco plc, 2009). Product Development The Tesco website has around 1.5 million hits per week and Tesco Direct, which is controlled within tesco.com, is effortlessly accessible to customers via the internet and their catalogues (Tesco plc, 2009). The strategic retailing services comprise of tesco.com, online shopping channels, Tesco Direct, telecoms, and Tesco Personal Finance. All financial products are obtainable online and over 50% of customers choose to purchase in this manner (Tesco plc, 2009).Tesco has targeted profitability growth in the services division from approximately  £400 million in 2007/08 to  £1 billion over the next few years (Tesco plc, 2009). High quality practices for supply chain and customer relationship management, used in conjunction with Point of Sale (POS) software, has enabled Tesco to manage a paradigm shift in its core retail business. This has enabled Tesco to reach out to its exsisting customers in order for them to utilise the other retail services available. A critical cornerstone of Tescos strategy is to strategically position the community at the core of its operations. The Group has taken a leadership role in its efforts towards climate change and environmental responsibility, and has set ambitious targets to reduce emissions in its own buildings and distribution networks (Tesco plc, 2009). Market Development Tesco is now the first UK retail major to exhibit the full carbon footprint of all its own-label milk ranges, excluding organic milk, and has vowed to footprint 500 products by the year end. Reassuringly, research has now established that 50% of shoppers surveyed now realise the proper meaning of carbon footprint, as against only 32% of shoppers surveyed in the previous year (Smithers, 2009). Extensive scrutiny of sales and loyalty card data has enabled Tesco to select the main items for economy conscious buyers. This has enabled prices to be reduced on important consumption goods, in order to assist customers in the difficult economic conditions as well as beating competitor prices (Tesco plc, 2009). In response to the threat posed last year from the fast-expanding discount stores, including Aldi, Tesco reacted quicker than competitors in taking a stance. The launch of the Discount Brands at Tesco scheme presented price deflation, rather than expecting customers to downgrade, in contrast to competitors. The initiatives main aim was to retain the current market share held by Tesco and prevent these discount stores from acquiring further market share. Tesco was the first major player in the online grocery market (Mintel, 2010), giving it the first mover advantage. This has allowed Tesco to build up a strong customer base as at one point, it was the only UK supermarket to offer onlne groceries. Their share is steadily declining as their competitors are also offering customers the ease of shopping online by having an online presense. Although it operates transacional websites for three countries many of its sales are generated in the UK. It began trading with food only but in only three years of operation it expanded and launched the non-food section, Tesco Direct. From 2004 2008, Tesco.com sales as a percentage of all uk revenue has grown from 2.6% to 5.0, this is shown in Appendix Tescos online division has been so successful that two stores have had to be opened just to service online demand (Mintel, 2010) 5. Conclusion Supermarkets and superstores are an undisputable part of the geographical contours and the economic foundation of UK society. Such supermarkets, comprising of Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA, Waitrose and Morrison, provide approximately 80 % of the foods consumed by UK residents and play an important role in the determination of consumer choice across the country. The growth of supermarkets, much of which has occurred during the last few decades has been driven by the rapid and far reaching transformation of UK society, characterised by increasing prosperity and disposable incomes, rising levels of vehicle ownership, urbanisation, increased levels of female participation in employment has driven new patterns of consumer behaviour and increased demand for specialised and sophisticated range of goods and services (Bowlby, 2001). This transformation has been instrumental in changing the character of the urban retail landscape. Tesco, the clear leader of the UK supermarket sector, and otherwise an eminent example of British commercial and retailing skills, has constantly adopted a fundamental and steadfast strategy for growth, which has reaulted in the constant strengthening and expansion of its core UK business and helped it to grow into new markets. The primary principle of its strategy, which is now being followed for more than a decade, lies in enlarging business span iin order to allow for delivery of robust and and continuous growth. Recent years are also witnessing much improved corporate citizenship in the supermarket sector, with regard to the purposeful and determined support for health and organic foods and sustained efforts to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. Appendices Appendix 1 (Tesco Group, 2009) Five year summary IFRS 2005 20061 2007 2008 2009 53 weeks Financial statistics Group sales (including VAT) ( £m) 36,957 43,137 46,611 51,773 59,426 Revenue (excluding VAT) ( £m) UK 27,146 29,990 32,665 34,8586 38,191 Rest of Europe 3,818 5,095 5,559 6,872 8,862 Asia 2,902 4,369 4,417 5,552 7,068 US 166 206 Total Group 33,866 39,454 42,641 47,298 54,327 Operating profit2  ( £m) UK 1,556 1,788 2,083 2,1646 2,540 Rest of Europe 243 263 324 400 479 Asia 153 229 241 294 343 US (67)6 (156) Total Group 1,952 2,280 2,648 2,791 3,206 Operating profit margin2 UK 5.7% 6.0% 6.4% 6.2%6 6.7% Rest of Europe 6.4% 5.2% 5.8% 5.8% 5.4% Asia 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.3% 4.9% US n/a6 n/a Total Group 5.8% 5.8% 6.2% 5.9% 5.9% Share of results of joint ventures and associates3  ( £m) 74 82 106 75 110 Profit on sale of investment in associates 25 Net finance costs3  ( £m) (132) (127) (126) (63) (362) Profit before tax ( £m) 1,894 2,235 2,653 2,803 2,954 Taxation3  ( £m) (541) (649) (772) (673) (788) Minority interests ( £m) (3) (6) (7) (6) (5) (Loss)/profit for the period from discontinued operation4  ( £m) (6) (10) 18 Profit for the financial year attributable to equity holders of the parent ( £m) 1,344 1,570 1,892 2,124 2,161 Underlying profit before tax5  ( £m) 1,925 2,277 2,545 2,846 3,128 Enterprise value7  ( £m) 27,910 30,841 40,469 37,656 35,907 Basic earnings per share8 17.52p 20.20p 23.61p 26.95p 27.50p Diluted earnings per share8 17.30p 19.92p 23.31p 26.61p 27.31p Dividend per share9 7.56p 8.63p 9.64p 10.90p 11.96p Return on shareholders funds10 23.2% 24.9% 26.7% 25.1% 23.9% Return on capital employed11 11.8% 12.7% 12.6%16 12.9%17 13.0%20 Group statistics Number of stores 2,334 2,672 3,263 3,751 4,332 Total sales area 000 sq ft12 49,135 55,215 68,189 76,338 88,451 Average employees 335,750 368,213 413,061 444,127 468,508 Average full-time equivalent employees 242,980 273,024 318,283 345,737 364,015 UK retail statistics Number of stores 1,780 1,898 1,988 2,11518 2,28221 Total sales area 000 sq ft12 24,207 25,919 27,785 29,54918 31,28521 Average store size (sales area sq ft)13 31,677 32,816 34,209 35,05518 35,21521 Average full-time equivalent employees 163,006 175,459 184,461 193,917 194,420 UK retail productivity ( £) Revenue per employee14 166,534 170,923 177,084 179,840 196,436 Profit per employee14 9,564 10,190 11,292 10,81419 13,065 Weekly sales per sq ft15 23.89 25.06 25.48 25.43 26.21 1. Results for the year ended 25 February 2006 include 52 weeks for the UK and ROI and 14 months for the majority of the remaining International businesses. 2. Operating profit includes integration costs and profit/(loss) arising on sale of fixed assets. Operating margin is based upon revenue excluding VAT. 3. Share of results of joint ventures and associates is stated net of the interest and tax of the Groups joint ventures and associates. The Groups charges for interest and tax have been reduced by these amounts. 4. Consists of the net result of the Taiwanese business which was sold during 2006/7. 5. IFRS underlying profit excludes IAS 32 and IAS 39 Financial Instruments Fair value remeasurements, the IAS 19 Income Statement charge, which is replaced by the normal cash contributions for pensions, IAS 17 Leases impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods and IFRS 3 Amortisation charge from intangible assets arising on acquisition. For further details of this measure,  see accounting policies. 6. Results have been restated to reflect the US as a separate segment. 7. Market capitalisation plus net debt. 8. Basic and diluted earnings per share are on a continuing operations basis. 9. Dividend per share relating to the interim and proposed final dividend. 10. Profit before tax divided by average shareholders funds. 11. The numerator is profit before interest, less tax. The denominator is the calculated average of net assets plus net debt plus dividend creditor less net assets held for sale. 12. Store sizes exclude lobby and restaurant areas. 13. Average store size excludes Express and One Stop stores. 14. Based on average number of full-time equivalent employees in the UK, revenue exclusive of VAT and operating profit. 15. Based on weighted average sales area and sales excluding property development. 16. Excludes one-off gain from Pensions A-Day, with this one-off gain ROCE was 13.6%. 17. Using a normalised tax rate before start-up costs in the US and Tesco Direct and excluding the impact of foreign exchange in equity and our acquisition of a majority share of Dobbies. 18. Excluding 53 US stores and 22 Dobbies stores. 19. Excluding start-up costs in the US and Tesco Direct and adjusting average number of full-time equivalent employees in the UK to exclude US and Tesco Direct employees profit per employee would be  £11,317. 20. Excluding acquisition of TPF and Homever, and India start-up costs, and after adjusting for assets held for sale. Calculated on a 52 week basis, ROCE for 2008/9 is 12.8%. 21. Excluding 24 Dobbies stores. Appendix 2 (Tesco Group, 2009) Quick facts Staff worldwide 468,508 Staff in the UK 286,394 Stores worldwide 4,308 Total stores in the UK 2,282 By format 177 Extra 10 Homeplus 448 Superstore 174 Metro 961 Express 512 OneStop Number of markets 14 Which markets China, Czech Republic,  Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, UK, USA Facts correct May 2009 Appendix 3 (Tesco Group, 2010)

Religion in Chatharine Sedwicks Hope Leslie, Stephen Jay Goulds Dinos

Religion in Chatharine Sedwick's Hope Leslie, Stephen Jay Gould's Dinosaur in a Haystack and Norman Mclean's A River Runs Through It In Hope Leslie, by Catharine Sedwick; Dinosaur in a Haystack, by Stephen Jay Gould, and A River Runs Through it, by Norman Maclean; the authors use religion in order to give the reader an insight on the stories and ideas they present, as well as gaining respect in the reader’s minds. All people can relate to religion, in one way or the other. Therefore, people have a sense of what the author is trying to express as well as giving the author a universal sense of respect. Although these literary pieces are based on totally different settings, 17th century puritan lifestyle, scientific evolution, and rural Presbyterian family life, religion is the common theme that relates these works. In Hope Leslie, Sedwick’s 17th century puritan characters are so well presented you overwhelmingly have a sense of respect for not only the characters, but also to Sedwick. Even the character’s names, like Hope and Faith makes the reader think of them as good puritan people. Sedwick describes in great detail the nature of the puritan lifestyle to give you the perception of the strict, yet honorable puritan life. Sedwick clearly writes her novel so even if you have no background on puritan religion, you feel a sense of what is was like. Religion was the key element in this novel. It showed basis for most of the actions the characters. In 17th century puritan communities, religion is the law of the town. For example, when Sedwick is talking about the Sabbath day she states, "Not a human sound is heard without the dwellings, and but for the lowing of the herds, the crowing of the cocks, and the gossiping of the bi... ...onal beliefs of these religions are. For example, he shows Pauls rebelliousness very early in the novel when he doesn’t eat his oats like the traditional Presbyterian would. It shows that even though Paul respects religion, he doesn’t let it make decisions for himself. After reading this novel, I had an overwhelmingly large respect for Maclean. His religious viewpoints were expressed clearly and without any discrepancies and his morals are regarded as almost untouchable. In conclusion, religion is a belief that everyone can relate to and have a sense of respect for. In these three extremely different literary works, all is tied to religion in some way. Even if you are not a religious person, you still have respect for the religion. These authors have totally different religious backgrounds, but as the reader, you have an equal amount of respect for each of them.

Chemistry- Collision Theory :: essays research papers

.Experiment for Chemistry Coursework For this investigation I am looking at how the concentration of acid can change the reaction and how I can explain this using collision theory. My Prediction: I predict that the greater amount of concentration the faster the reaction will take place. Therefore, particles in the two compounds will collide faster. Due to my prediction if it is correct, I expect to see the cross on the paper disappear faster. As I already know that increasing one quantity will speed up the reaction as the particles are more likely to collide. In this investigation several measures will need to be done to make sure that the results I get will be precise. From the planed method I can work out what will need to be done to achieve the best results possible. I will also need to think about what other factors may vary my results to someone else’s and how this could be improved. Equipment Needed:  · Beaker  · Test-tube  · Piece of paper with a cross on  · 25ml ² of Sodium Phiosulphate  · 5ml ² of Hydrochloric Acid Factors about the equipment that may affect the results: The amount of one particular quantity, or concentration of the acid. The type of acid that was used may either slow down or speed up the reaction. Also, another factor maybe that the time it take until I begin to start the stopwatch. To control the problem of affecting results I would have to swirl the mixture for e.g.: every 2 seconds. However, this would have to be done in every type of concentration and experiment. Diagram of method: Method: Draw a cross on a piece of paper and place a beaker on top of the paper. This is because once the cross disappears I know the reaction has completed as the compounds have now become one solution. Secondly, measure as accurately as possible 25ml ² of Sodium Phiosulphate and 5ml ² of Hydrochloric acid. Thirdly, pour the measured amount of Sodium Phiosulphate into the beaker and then add the Hydrochloric acid. Once this is added start the timer. Finally, once the cross has completely disappeared stop the clock and make a not of the time it took for the mixture to become one. NOTE: This procedure was produced with different concentrations. This was so that I could see whether the concentration had an affect on experiment’s time limit. Results: Before doing our experiment we saw a trail run on the computer known as:

HMS Bounty Essay -- essays research papers

HMS Bounty The HMS Bounty set sail in 1789. Captain William Bligh and his many crewmembers ran the ship. There was an upset between the crew and the Captain. Even though the men violated the â€Å"Articles of War† it was justifiable that they should not be punished.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Crew of Captain Bligh, under penalty of law and the Captain, had no right to commit mutiny and remove the Captain from the ship. The â€Å"Articles of War† clearly state that if any crewmember conceals any traitorous practice or design shall suffer death or any other punishment as a court martial shall think fit. That is exactly what Captain Bligh’s crew took upon themselves. The crew had no reason to blame him for the rations of water because he was doing it to keep the breadfruit alive which was the whole reason for the mission. Indubitably the crews actions were unlawful. The Captain of the HMS Bounty was William Bligh. He was very strict in his actions and in his punishment. He followed the â€Å"Articles of War† like the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church followed the Bible. When they were in port the Captain was very courteous and polite to everyone on the ship. He treated everyone equally and didn’t abuse his rank. That soon changed as the ship set out for the open seas and Tahiti.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The crew started to challenge the Captain and he punished each person that defied him. Many of his actions were unjustifiable and should in turn be pu...

The possible approaches towards differentiated eLearning

Differentiated direction ( or differentiated acquisition ) involves supplying pupils with different avenues to geting content ; to processing, building, or doing sense of thoughts ; and to developing learning stuffs so that all pupils within a schoolroom can larn efficaciously, irrespective of differences in ability. Research indicates that many of the emotional or societal troubles gifted pupils experience disappear when their educational climes are adapted to their degree and gait of acquisition. † Differentiation in instruction can besides include how a pupil shows that they have command of a construct. This could be through a research paper, function drama, podcast, diagram, posting, etc. The key is happening how your pupils learn and displays their acquisition that meets their specific demands. Differentiation normally includes one or more of the undermentioned countries:A. Content– Is â€Å" what † pupils learn – Includes curriculum subjects or constructs – Reflects province or national criterions – Presents indispensable facts and accomplishments – Differentiates by pre-assessing pupil accomplishments and apprehensions, so fiting scholars with appropriate activities – Provides pupils with picks in order to add deepness to larning – Provides pupils with extra resources that match their degrees of understandingB. Procedure– Is â€Å" how † pupils learn – Refers to how pupils make sense or understand the information, thoughts, and accomplishments being studied – Reflects pupil larning manners and penchants – Varies the acquisition procedure depending upon how pupils learnC. Product– Is the terminal consequence of pupil acquisition – Tends to be touchable: studies, trials, booklets, addresss, skits – Reflects pupil understanding – Differentiates by supplying challenge, assortment, and pickWhat is distinction direction?In this context when distinction is discussed, it is non about merchandise distinction by larning bringing location, as in intercrossed eLearning content compared to to the full online classs and/or cyberschools ( National Leadership Institute, 2005 ) . Nor is it about distinction in clip, as in synchronal and asynchronous acquisition. Rather, in e-diff, one of three types of accommodation is normally involved ( Hall, 2002 ; Reis et al. , 1988 ; Sizer, 2001 ; Tomlinson, 2001 ; Tomlinson & A ; Allan, 2000 ; Tomlinson & A ; McTighe, 2006 ; Willis & A ; Mann, 2000 ) : 1. Differentiation of content – Offer pupils the opportunity to get down at different topographic points in the course of study and/or proceed at different gaits. 2. Differentiation of larning manner attack – Stressing many modes of larning manner or larning penchant, such as ocular and audile scholars. 3. Differentiation of merchandise – Giving different assignments to different pupils, and turn in different work merchandises.III. DIFFERENTIATION INeLEARNINGTechnology to do content alteration on the fly is rather simple online. It can be every bit straightforward as hypertext markup language cryptography and back-end databases. The challenge is non in the bringing engineering itself, but in set uping good logic for distinction – if we are traveling to distinguish, how do we make up one's mind who gets what? Here we organize the most common e-diff schemes, based on what type of decision-making procedure and grounds is used to set up the accommodation picks. Approachs can besides be combined, or blended, in eLearning merchandises. Some of the possible general attacks are: â€Å" Diffuse † attacks to distinction, in which pupils receive the same content but have multiple chances for acquisition and are provided with different attacks for doing sense of thoughts planfully â€Å" diffused † throughout the content. Autonomous attacks, in which pupils receive different content by a mechanism of self-selection built in the content. This introduces distinction through pupil pick. Naive distinction, in which the computing machine is finding the class of distinction, non the user, no specific program or overall scheme is in topographic point in the eLearning content for why distinction is go oning, or what it is intended to intend in the acquisition context. Boolean distinction, in which package uses types of Boolean logic, such as rule-based models or determination trees, to find how to set content for different pupils. Model-based distinction, in which adept sentiment is combined with a assortment of informations mining techniques to bring forth thoughts for how content might be suitably differentiated. Language based distinction, in which the pupils from different cultural backgrounds can be benefitted. This is based on the distinction in the contents of stuffs to be delivered.Differences in the attacks1.In diffuse distinction, there is no direct purpose to measure or fit the demands of single users, or to custom-make content or feedback, as all pupils receive the same content. But adequate assortment and different beginnings of stimulation are provided to involvement and prosecute diverse audiences. This is a really common attack to differentiated direction in a traditional schoolroom learning puting. The hope is that with adequate assortment provided, everyone ‘s demands can be addressed. 2.The 2nd scheme, self distinction, allows pupils to choose their personal picks as they work their manner through on-line content. This can dwell of merely choosing the order of completion among a fixed bill of fare of larning activities or faculties, or can let much more scope of pick. The courseware design determines where pick points are. Self distinction is besides really common in on-line content. 3.NaA?ve distinction comes about about unwittingly in many eLearning merchandises. It involves altering parts of content in a more random manner, non based on the specific demands of single pupils, but merely revolving content and artworks so that screens have different images, representations and so forth each clip viewed. This might affect a randomizing factor or a shuffle map. Though diffuse and autonomous schemes can be rather consistent with improved larning aims of differentiated direction, it can be harder to do the instance for naA?ve distinction. Additions in motive and battle as acquisition shows change, for case, are difficult to reason for if the same pupil merely sees one of the shows. 4.The following scheme, Boolean distinction, uses assessment grounds to alter the flow of content for different pupils. Boolean here merely describes logic that computing machines use to find if a statement is true of false. Main Boolean operators include â€Å" and, † â€Å" non † and â€Å" or. † Operators get used with a series of regulations to depict what happens with the content as pupils make their responses. There are many differentiations among different rule-based methods, including assorted be aftering agents, bug bases and chaining algorithms. But the thought is that a set of regulations have been devised, frequently by really carefully analyzing many pupils. These rule-based boolean methods make up some of the oldest signifiers of e-diff. The simplest types look like a checklist of larning aims. Students go down the list and finish the aims. If they successfully complete 1 AND 2, they go onto 3, for case. But 1 and NOT 2 and possibly the pupil is redirected to 2A, or given some extra feedback or other larning intercession that go throughing pupils do n't acquire. Rule based methods can take much more luxuriant signifiers, and have been in really powdered ways to depict the battalion of constructs and misconceptions pupils hold in certain capable affair countries, and what to make about them. 5.The following signifier of e-diff, model-based, is really a big household of attacks that will be grouped together here for the interest of treatment. Some of the attacks are among the newer e-diff signifiers and others have been around for some clip. Most use some signifier of adept sentiment, including from instructors and other capable affair experts, combined with informations mining to bring forth thoughts about how content might be differentiated. Common data excavation techniques include a assortment of arrested development and Gaussian statistical theoretical accounts, Bayesian webs, nervous webs, point response theoretical accounts, and assorted method attacks that combine quantitative and qualitative informations to do interpretative or productive anticipations. 6.The concluding signifier of e-diff is, language-based in which the same contents are provided to the pupils in different possible linguistic communications of apprehension. On the plus side, information excavation attacks can be faster and easier than deducing complex rule-based signifiers. Besides they can let anticipations to be compared to existent pupil larning informations to ticket melody theoretical accounts. However, the inquiry frequently is which theoretical account to utilize, and why. Besides important in the instance of eLearning is whether the theoretical account truly is making an appropriate occupation of stating you something about pupils.III.CONCLUSIONDevelopers are constructing more distinction into eLearning merchandises, admiting that people have multiple waies for acquisition and for doing sense of thoughts. But distinction via engineering is complex. There are legion attacks that have rather different executions and consequences, as can be seen by the general schemes described here. As the field matures and developers explore more ways to distinguish online, it is of import that non-disclosure understandings and other rational bel ongings issues do n't close down the conversation about what these merchandises are making, and how they are making it. So, certain, allow ‘s all be different – but allow ‘s happen some common land to speak about these of import attacks to differentiation online.IV.REFERENCES[ I ] Hall, T. ( 2002 ) . Differentiated direction. Retrieved November, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_diffinstruc.html [ II ] Parshall, C. G. , Stewart, R. , Ritter, J. ( 1996, April ) . Inventions: Sound, Graphics, and Alternative Response Modes. Paper presented at the National Council on Measurement in Education, New York. [ III ] Reis, S. M. , Kaplan, S. N. , Tomlinson, C. A. , Westbert, K. L. , Callahan, C. M. , & A ; Cooper, C. R. ( 1988 ) . How the encephalon learns, A response: Equal does non intend indistinguishable. Educational Leadership, 56 ( 3 ) . [ IV ] Tomlinson, C. A. ( 2001 ) . How to distinguish direction in mixed-ability schoolrooms ( 2nd ed. ) . Alexandria, VA: ASCD. [ V ] Tomlinson, C. A. , & A ; Allan, S. D. ( 2000 ) . Leadership for distinguishing schools and schoolrooms. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. [ VI ] Tomlinson, C. A. , & A ; McTighe, J. ( 2006 ) . Integrating Differentiated Instruction +Understanding by Design: Connecting Content and Kids. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. [ VII ] Turker, A. , Gorgun, I. , & A ; Conlan, O. ( 2006 ) . The Challenge of Content Creation to Facilitate Personalized E-Learning Experiences. International Journal on ELearning, 5 ( 1 ) , 11-17.

Film Analysis Essay on Crash (2004)

The movie â€Å"Crash† – from director and producer Paul Haggis – pictures one day in the lives of various characters in Los Angeles, all of them from different social and racial backgrounds but nevertheless connected and intertwined throughout the story. The movie’s story is being told in a mostly chronological way, except that it puts one scene to the very beginning of the film and then cuts back to the day prior, indicated by the visual text â€Å"yesterday†.In this first sequence, detectives Graham Waters and his partner Ria have been rearended when they arrive at a crime scene, leading to a fight between Hispanic Ria and the accident responsible, furious Chinese Kim Lee, involving race-related insults towards each other. Breaking through the temporal order and showing everything that has happened prior to this fight gives the explanation why Kim Lee is so furious and why she was in such a hurry, as her husband is in hospital for being run over by a car.This strategy of playing with the viewer’s opinion and sympathy about the single characters is one that is central for the movie. Therefore a lot of prejudices are implicitly and explicitly presented through the narrative and the movie’s surface. Anthony and Peter for example are being pictured as two young adolescents just leaving a diner and discussing the (non-)discriminating treatment of the waitress. In Anthony’s opinion even other black people are racist towards Afro-Americans and that white people are scared of them although they are not even dressed like â€Å"gang-bangers†.This gives the impression of young people being worried and angry about ungrounded racial discrimination. Then the dialogue suddenly changes, both of them pull a gun and they steal the car from Rick and Jean Cabot – the two white people they just accused of having prejudices about them – leaving the viewer with a sudden change in the characterization they were given before. The movie continues like this when it shows the Hispanic locksmith Daniel Ruiz – mean-looking, tattooed and with a shaved head.Jean Cabot’s assumption about him being a Gang member who will sell the keys to their house as soon as he is out the door is consistent with his outward appearance. It is not until later in the movie, when he arrives at home taking loving care of his daughter, that the first impression is negated and turned into the opposite. Most of the characters in Crash turn out to be different than the first picture that is drawn of them all the time turning the story towards unanticipated events and revealing important information bout character backgrounds. Beyond that, it is important mentioning the complex net of connections and entanglements that occur between the characters and their stories and events. There is Jean Corbet, accusing her locksmith Daniel Ruiz of being a gang member, whose daughter is almost shot by the Persian sho p owner Farhad, whose daughter works in the mortuary where Detective Graham Waters dead brother is identified as Peter, who stole Jean Corbets car, making her change the locks in her house in the first place.This list of connections could be continued with for another while, as there are more characters involved with even more links between them. This motive of connection is also shown by the cuts from one scene to the next via an audible and/or a visual connection. For instance when Ria storms out of Graham Waters apartment and slams the door after her, the film cuts to Officer John Ryan lying in his bed – suddenly being woken up by his Crash – 2004 Identity and Diversity in American Film Miriam Keller – 05/30/2012 Miriam Keller – 05/30/2012 groaning father.To the viewer it looks like he is wakes up from the slamming door, although there is no diegetic connection. Another example is the cut from Anthony and Peter just having stolen the black navigator, t o the crime scene of the shooting between two drivers. As the car with Anthony and Peter drives through the picture it cuts to a police car passing by in exactly the same camera-shot and revealing the crime scene behind it. Match-cuts like this are a reoccurring stylistic element, emphasizing the just specified net of entanglements.The central topic of racism and prejudices in the movie Crash is shown from various different angles, pointing at the complexity of this issue. It states that nothing and no one can be easily characterized and the importance of looking at the bigger picture instead of pigeonholing someone. All the different characters with their intertwined stories make it clear that everyone is connected and the range of influence of one person’s behavior is further than one would expect.

Past Paper

NSS MATHEMATICS IN ACTION HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION MOCK PAPER MATHEMATICS Compulsory Part Paper 2 Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes 1. Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet and insert the information required in the spaces provided. 2. There are 45 questions in this book. All questions carry equal marks. 3. Answer ALL Questions. You are advised to use an HB pencil to mark all the answers on the Answer Sheet. Wrong marks must be completely erased with a clean rubber. 4. You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive NO MARKS for that question. . No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 There are 30 questions in Section A and 15 questions in Section B. The diagrams in this paper are not necessarily drawn to scale. Choose the best answer for each question. Section A 1. If n is an integer, then 33 n = 9 n ? 1 6. Which of the following statements about the equation 3( x ? 2) 2 ? 6 x ? 2 is true? A. It has distinct, rational real roots. B. It has distinct, irrational real roots. C. It has equal real roots. D. It has no real roots. 7. It is known that a polynomial g(x) is ivisible by 2x + 3. Which of the following must be a factor of g(4x – 3)? 2 n ? 1 A. B. C. D. 2. x 2 ? y 2 ? 2 xy ? 4 ? A. B. C. D. 3. A. B. C. D. 8. 1. 5. 8049. 8053. a = 3, b = ? 2 . a = 3, b = ? 3 . a = ? 2, b = ? 2 . a = ? 2, b = ? 3 . B. C. D. 9. Let p be a constant. Solve the equation ( x ? p )( x ? p ? 1) ? x ? p . A. B. C. D.  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 –2– 1. 1 . 6 –1. –2. ? Peter sold a vase to Mary at a profit of 15 %. Later, Mary sold the vase to David for $ 6400 and gained $ 420. What was the cost price of the vase for Peter? A. B. C. D. x ? ?p x ? p ? 1 ? ? p or x ? p ? 1 x ? ? p or x ? p 2x ? 3 4x ? 3 8x ? 3 8x ? 9 If x is an integer satisfying 4x ? 1 , then the 2(1 ? x) ? 6 x and x ? ?2 greatest value of x is A. If 5a ? 2b ? a ? 4b ? 11 , then A. B. C. D. 5. ( x ? y ? 2)( x ? y ? 2) ( x ? y ? 2)( x ? y ? 2) ( x ? y ? 2)( x ? y ? 2) ( x ? y ? 2)( x ? y ? 2) If f ( x) ? x 2012 ? 2012 x ? 2012 , then 2 f (? 1) ? 3 = A. B. C. D. 4. ?1? . ?3? 3n ? 1 . 3n ? 2 . 35 n ? 2 . $ 5200 $ 5970 $ 6877 $ 7780 10. The scale of a map is 1: 250. If the area of a playground on the map is 20 cm2, what is the actual area of the playground? A. B. C. D. 11. 5000 cm2 125 m2 625 m2 5000 m2 A.B. C. D. Let an be the nth term of a sequence. If a1 ? ?2 , a2 ? 1 and a n ? 2 ? 4a n ? 1 ? a n for any positive integer n, then a5 = A. B. C. D. 14. The circumference of a circle is measured to be 10 cm, correct to the nearest 0. 5 cm. Which of the following is a possible area of the circle? 15. 86. 66. 46. 26. In the figure, CDE and BDF are straight lines. If DF = DE and AB // CE, find ?ABD. 12. It is given that s varies jointly as t2 and u. If t is increased by 15% and u is decreased by 20%, then s A. B. C. D. is decreased by 8 %. is decreased by 5. 8 %. is increased by 5. 8 %. is increased by 8 %. 13. If z ? y and y 2 ? 4. 2 cm2 8. 55 cm2 8. 14 cm2 7. 11 cm2 A. B. C. D. 76? 104? 116? 128? 16. In the figure, a = 1 , which of the x following is true? III. z2 ? y2 1 x? y 2 3xz is a non-zero constant. A. B. C. D. I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III I. II.  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 A. B. C. D. –3– 40?. 45?. 50?. 55?. 17. In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus and FBC is a triangle. If FA = 2 cm and BC = 3 cm, find ED. 19. In the figure, a circular cone is cut into two parts A and B by a plane parallel to the base. 4 that of the 9 original cone, find the ratio of the olumes of A and B. If the base area of A is A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 1 cm 1. 2 cm 1. 5 cm 1. 8 cm 18. The figure shows a right pyramid with a square base and a slant edge of length 17 cm. If the total length of the edges of the pyramid is 132 cm, find the total surface area of the pyramid. 2:3 8 : 19 8 : 27 19 : 27 20. Through which of the following transformations, would figure A be transformed to figure B? I. Translation II. Rotation III. Reflection A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 544 cm2 608 cm2 736 cm2 800 cm2 II III I and III only II and III only 21. If the point P(7, –1) is rotated clockwise about the origin through 90? o Q, what is the distance between P and Q? A. B. C. D.  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 –4– 5 units 72 units 10 units 128 units 22. If a > 0, b > 0 and c < 0, which of the following may represent the graph of the straight line ax ? by ? c ? 0 ? 23. In the figure, 2BC = 5AC. Find sin ? . A. 2 29 A. B. C. B. D. 24. 29 2 cos(180? ? ? ) 1 ? ? sin(180? ? ? ) tan(90? ? ? ) A. B. C. D. C. 2 5 5 2 tan 2 ? tan ? 1 †“1 25. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle ABCD. Find x. D. A. B. C. D. 36? 40? 42? 45? 26. What is the area of the circle x2 + y2 + 12x ? y + 9 = 0? A. B. C. D.  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 –5– 9? 43? 52? 61? 27. Two fair dice are thrown once. What is the probability of getting a sum of 4 or 6? A. B. C. D. 1 6 2 9 5 9 5 36 30. The pie chart below shows the distribution of the nationalities of 60 students randomly selected from an international school. It is given that 9 of them are American. 28. The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the heights (in cm) of 40 students in a class. Find the number of students whose heights are between 145 cm and 150 cm. A. B. C. D. 5 10 20 30If there are 840 students in the international school, estimate the number of Australian students in the school. A. 196 B. 208 C. 216 D. 224 Section B 31. 29. {a , a, a + d, a + 3d and a + 6d} is a grou p of numbers. Which of the following must be true? A. B. I. The mean of the group of numbers is a + 2d. II. The median of the group of numbers is a + d. III. The mode of the group of numbers is 2. A. B. C. D. C. D. I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 1? –6– ab b ? ? 2 a ? b b? a 2 1 a2 a2 ? b2 b2 a2 ? b2 a 2 ? 2ab ? b 2 a2 ? b2 32. Which of the following best represent the graph of y ? 2 log 3 x ? x 2 x ? 1 34. Solve 16 ? 2 ? A. A. B. C. D. B. 15 ? 0. 2 5 2 5 or –3 2 5 log 8 log 5 ? log 2 log 4 35. If a and k are real numbers and a ? 11i ? (2 ? 3i )(3 ? ki) , then A. B. C. D. C. D. NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 ? ? 1 . ? 1. ? ? 1 . ? 1. 36. Find the maximum value of P = 1 – x – 4y subject to the following constraints. 1 ? x ? 3 2 ? y ? 4 ? ? ?2 y ? x ? 2 ? x ? 2 ? ?2 y ? 33. If ? and ? are the roots of the quadratic equation 4 x 2 ? 5 x ? 3 ? 0 , find the value 1 1 + . of 2? 2? 3 A. ? 5 2 B. ? 5 5 C. 8 5D. 6  © Pearson Education Asia Limited a ? 3, k a ? 3, k a ? 9, k a ? 9, k A. B. C. D. –7– 3 4 6 7 37. It is given that three positive numbers x, y and z are in geometric sequence. Which of the following must be true? I. x3, y3, z3 are in geometric sequence. II. 3x, 3y, 3z are in geometric sequence. III. log x2, log y2, log z2 are in arithmetic sequence. A. B. C. D. 40. The figure shows a circle with centre O. BC and BA are the tangents to the circle at C and D respectively. If ? BAC = 42? , find ? BOC. I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III 38. Find x in the figure, correct to the nearest integer. A. B.C. D. 66? 72? 84? 90? 41. The figure shows a triangular prism ABCDEF, where both ? ABF and ?DCE are right-angled isosceles A. B. C. D. 12 13 14 15 triangles. If AB = 10 and BC = 5, find the angle between the line AE and the plane ABCD, correct to the nearest degree. 39. Solve 1 + sin? cos ? = 3sin2? for 0? ? ? ? 360?. A. B. C. D. ? = 45? or 225? ? = 135? , 207? or 225? ? = 45? , 153? , 225? or 333? ? = 135? , 153? , 315? or 333?  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 A. B. C. D. –8– 14? 17? 22? 45? 42. The figure shows a circle which is symmetrical about the y-axis. A(4, –1) nd B are two end points of a diameter of the circle. If the equation of the tangent to the circle at B is 4 x ? 3 y ? 31 ? 0 , find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. A. B. C. D. 3 (0, ) 2 (0, 2) 5 (0, ) 2 1 ( ? , 2) 2 44. A box contains 50 bulbs and 8 of them are defective. Two bulbs are drawn at random from the box without replacement. Given that at least one bulb drawn is defective, find the probability that exactly one bulb drawn is defective. 4 A. 13 3 B. 5 4 C. 5 12 D. 13 45. In a Chinese test, the standard scores of the marks obtained by John and Mary are †“1. 05 and 0. 8 respectively. Which of the following are true? I.II. III. 43. There are 2 different English books and 4 different Chinese books on a table. If all the books are put onto a shelf and the two books at the two ends must be of different languages, in how many ways can the books be arranged? A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 32 40 192 384  © Pearson Education Asia Limited NSS MIA 2012 Mock Paper (Compulsory Part) – Paper 2 Mary performs better than John in the test. Compared with John, the mark obtained by Mary is closer to the mean mark of the test. The mark obtained by John is below the 16th percentile of the marks in the test. I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III End of test –9–